Abstract: Cutting is one of the primary practices of self-injury in young people and one that remains hidden. We investigate this practice in young people and its association with family relationships, based on gender; and its manifestation between the rural and urban strata. We made a cross-sectional study with a random sample in San Juan del Río, Mexico (n = 1,630 high school students) using a survey. Cutting occurs in 21.26% of the people in the sample (34.47% of women and 7.77% of men; OR=6.24 [IC: 4.23-9.22], χ2=170.06, p<0.001), without mediating statistical difference in urban and rural areas (χ2 =0.001, gl=1, p=0.99). In young people, negligent family relationships are a risk factor for cutting. In women, it is a risk to have parents who are authoritarian, exercise physical and/or psychological violence. Hence, cutting is a problem that occurs in a large proportion of the young population, especially women. The results demonstrate the need to promote public policy to address the issue from a gender perspective and impact on the field of family relationships.

Resumen: Los cortes en la piel (cutting) son una de las prácticas de auto lesión más comunes en jóvenes, y de las que más permanecen ocultas. Nos proponemos indagar la prevalencia del cutting en jóvenes y su asociación con las relaciones familiares en función del género, y comparar su manifestación entre los estratos rural y urbano. Realizamos un estudio cuantitativo transversal con una muestra aleatoria y representativa del municipio de San Juan del Río, Querétaro. Participaron 1,630 educandos de bachillerato contestando el Cuestionario a Estudiantes. Encontramos que el cutting se presenta en el 21.26% de los/as jóvenes (34.47% de las mujeres y 7.77% de los hombres; RM=6.24 [IC: 4.23-9.22], χ2=170.06, p<0.001), sin mediar diferencia estadística en los contextos urbano y el rural (χ2 =0.001, gl=1, p=0.99). Las relaciones familiares negligentes son un factor de riesgo para el cutting en jóvenes. En mujeres también lo es tener padres/madres: autoritarios, que ejercen violencia física y/o psicológica. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de impulsar política pública con perspectiva de género, que incida en el ámbito de las relaciones familiares.

Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis is an effective tool to reduce surgical infection rates. However, antibiotic prophylaxis in cholecystectomy is controversial when non-high risk patients are considered. This research aims to evaluate the adherence with antibiotic prophylaxis protocol in patients undergoing cholecystectomy, and its impact in the outcomes of surgical infection. Methods: This single-center observational and retrospective study analyzed all elective cholecystectomy procedures carried out at the Fundación Alcorcón University Hospital in the period 2007-2014. Data were recovered from hospital records; rates of adherence to the available hospital protocols were evaluated for choice, initiation, duration, administration route and dosages of antibiotics, and the starting and duration of the prophylaxis. Results: The overall adequacy rate to protocol was 72%. The adherence rates in both the administration route and dose were 100%. The most common violations of the protocol included the choice of antibiotic agent (19%), followed by the moment of initiating its administration (8.9%). The overall wound infection rate was lower in case of laparoscopy than in laparotomy cholecystectomy (1.4% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.05; odds rate [OR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.6). No relationship between adequacy of antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical infection rate was documented, neither considering overall gallbladder surgeries (crude OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.1-2.0), nor laparoscopy vs. open surgery (MH adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.2-2.1). Conclusions: The overall adequacy rate to antibiotic prophylaxis protocol recommended for elective cholecystectomy in our hospital was high (72%). No significant association between the adequacy or antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical infection was found.